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Table 6 Results of the proposed IBAVO-AO algorithm and other optimization algorithms for FND

From: An adaptive hybrid african vultures-aquila optimizer with Xgb-Tree algorithm for fake news detection

Metric

IBAVO-AO

BSSA

BASO

BHGSO

BHHO

BSFO

BBA

BGOA

BABC

BPSO

Mean (Accuracy)

0.9275

0.9258

0.9211

0.9231

0.9257

0.9242

0.9225

0.9253

0.9256

0.9238

SD (Accuracy)

0.0006

0.0007

0.0015

0.0011

0.0008

0.0009

0.0020

0.0007

0.0008

0.0009

Mean (Fitness)

0.0753

0.0774

0.0834

0.0817

0.0781

0.0800

0.0817

0.0786

0.0780

0.0805

SD (Fitness)

0.0006

0.0008

0.0018

0.0010

0.0009

0.0008

0.0022

0.0007

0.0007

0.0010

Mean (Features Size)

17.5000

19.9000

26.4300

27.8300

22.7300

24.9300

24.7600

23.0000

21.8300

25.4000

SD (Features Size)

02.1211

02.5701

01.9619

03.0885

02.6068

03.0652

03.1164

02.8166

03.1420

02.9507

Mean (Kappa)

0.8555

0.8521

0.8427

0.8466

0.8518

0.8489

0.8456

0.8511

0.8518

0.8481

SD (Kappa)

0.0011

0.0013

0.0030

0.0021

0.0016

0.0018

0.0040

0.0015

0.0015

0.0018

Mean (Precision)

0.9843

0.9830

0.8599

0.9810

0.9827

0.9819

0.9812

0.9827

0.9833

0.9820

SD (Precision)

0.0014

0.0013

0.1442

0.0017

0.0016

0.0015

0.0020

0.0015

0.0019

0.0018

Mean (Recall)

0.8771

0.8751

0.8689

0.8716

0.8750

0.8729

0.8704

0.8743

0.8744

0.8720

SD (Recall)

0.0015

0.0017

0.0026

0.0019

0.0021

0.0017

0.0037

0.0016

0.0019

0.0021

Mean (F1-score)

0.9276

0.9259

0.9210

0.9231

0.9257

0.9242

0.9225

0.9253

0.9257

0.9237

SD (F1-score)

0.0006

0.0007

0.0016

0.0011

0.0009

0.0009

0.0021

0.0008

0.0008

0.0010

Mean (Specificity)

0.9843

0.9829

0.9798

0.9810

0.9826

0.9819

0.9812

0.9827

0.9833

0.9821

SD (Specificity)

0.0015

0.0016

0.0018

0.0017

0.0017

0.0015

0.0020

0.0015

0.0019

0.0019

Mean (Sensitivity)

0.8771

0.8751

0.8689

0.8716

0.8750

0.8729

0.8704

0.8743

0.8744

0.8720

SD (Sensitivity)

0.0015

0.0017

0.0026

0.0019

0.0021

0.0017

0.0037

0.0016

0.0019

0.0021

Mean (ROC_AUC)

0.9657

0.9651

0.9647

0.9652

0.9648

0.9657

0.9645

0.9654

0.9649

0.9648

SD (ROC_AUC)

0.0009

0.0009

0.0010

0.0010

0.0009

0.0009

0.0009

0.0009

0.0013

0.0009

Mean (MCC)

0.8611

0.8579

0.8488

0.8526

0.8576

0.8572

0.8523

0.8578

0.8576

0.8537

SD (MCC)

0.0012

0.0013

0.0029

0.0021

0.0015

0.0014

0.0027

0.0013

0.0019

0.0012