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Table 1 Comparing attack-scenarios. For the place categorization task, the accuracy over location-visit events is reported. User-profiling error, user identification accuracy and privacy loss measure the success of the attacker in user-profiling. The table only shows the results for an obfuscation radius of \(r=100\)

From: Where you go is who you are: a study on machine learning based semantic privacy attacks

Check-in data

POI data

Method

Place categorization

User profiling

Accuracy

Profiling error

Top-5 identifi-cation accuracy

Privacy loss (median)

Foursquare (NYC and Tokyo)

Foursquare

Random

0.159

0.235

0.003

1.000

  

XGB (temporal)

0.344

0.205

0.023

1.112

  

spatial join

0.459

0.208

0.183

2.296

  

XGB (spatial)

0.580

0.140

0.328

5.574

  

XGB (spatio-temporal)

0.616

0.124

0.404

11.001

 

OSM

Random

0.157

0.235

0.002

1.000

  

Spatial join

0.224

0.341

0.013

1.051

  

XGB (temporal)

0.328

0.206

0.022

1.116

  

XGB (spatial)

0.476

0.172

0.117

1.949

  

XGB (spatio-temporal)

0.503

0.157

0.160

2.316

Yumuv study (Switzerland)

Foursquare

Random

0.370

0.367

0.010

1.000

  

Spatial join

0.453

0.698

0.009

1.000

  

XGB (spatial)

0.541

0.331

0.034

1.095

  

XGB (temporal)

0.553

0.333

0.038

1.108

  

XGB (spatio-temporal)

0.618

0.293

0.065

1.225

 

OSM

Random

0.372

0.367

0.010

1.000

  

Spatial join

0.384

0.698

0.009

1.000

  

XGB (spatial)

0.541

0.332

0.034

1.093

  

XGB (temporal)

0.553

0.333

0.038

1.108

  

XGB (spatio-temporal)

0.623

0.289

0.060

1.256