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Table 22 Optimal results of each algorithm for solving heat exchange design problem

From: Hybrid beluga whale optimization algorithm with multi-strategy for functions and engineering optimization problems

Algorithms

Optimal cost

Optimal cost

x1

x2

x3

x4

x5

x6

x7

x8

RSA

591.663

1490.550

5026.956

108.138

265.060

225.697

258.563

383.202

29122.184

PSO

472.316

1439.976

5148.282

172.054

294.074

227.230

277.976

394.072

7060.574

SCSO

162.601

1943.180

5373.106

113.454

285.233

182.703

228.048

385.169

7478.887

WOA

1345.856

4642.143

6910.341

10

229.654

378.034

98.976

327.459

12898.340

RSO

100

1000

7997.630

10

10

165.383

10

167.609

66706.597

HHO

1462.611

4260.920

5727.986

88.675

270.886

139.617

205.876

370.883

11451.517

SCA

332.841

1508.286

8148.095

34.608

216.301

213.628

197.674

314.024

9989.222

AOA

2787.497

9009.821

7901.710

100.887

250.851

134.449

248.985

347.218

19699.029

HGS

100

2252.576

5957.798

12.575

261.694

10

150.844

361.692

8310.3734

AO

1644.461

2427.846

8412.774

113.550

167.128

185.831

149.146

266.092

12485.081

BWO

7168.800

6258.403

7652.393

10

233.035

104.352

100.934

326.145

29122.184

HBWO

531.446

1353.456

5166.177

177.880

293.353

222.120

284.527

393.353

7060.574