Fig. 6

\(n =\) 6451; Kuiper’s statistic is \(0.01429 / \sigma = 1.148\), Kolmogorov’s and Smirnov’s is \(0.01046 / \sigma = 0.8402\); the stochastic variations in the empirical cumulative graph (a) are clearly within the expectations indicated by the triangle at the origin—the graph looks like a perfectly random walk, and indeed really is a drift-free, perfectly random walk. The statistics of Kuiper and of Kolmogorov and Smirnov give no indication of any statistically significant deviation between the subpopulations, as both are less than \(1.25 \sigma\)—the expected value for the metric of Kolmogorov and Smirnov in the absence of any deviation between the subpopulations’ expected responses, as detailed by Remark 2 of [1]