Table 2 Demographic, clinicopathologic, and outcome information of 774 Hong Kong patients used for training and validation
Variables | First patient group (2003 – 2019) | Second patient group (2020) |
|---|---|---|
N = 716 | N = 58 | |
N (%) | N (%) | |
Median age at diagnosis (IQR) | 58 (49–67) | 61.5 (53.8–68.3) |
Gender | ||
 Female | 401 (56.0) | 33 (56.9) |
 Male | 315 (44.0) | 25 (43.1) |
Patient category | ||
 NSND | 469 (65.5) | 41 (70.7) |
 SD | 247 (34.5) | 17 (29.3) |
Continued risk habits following diagnosis | ||
 Yes | 14 (2.0) | 11 (19.0) |
 No | 167 (23.3) | 1 (1.7) |
 Not applicable | 535 (74.7) | 46 (79.3) |
Previous malignancy | ||
 Head and neck tumors | 21 (2.9) | 0 |
 Other tumors | 46 (6.4) | 3 (5.2) |
 Hematologic malignancies | 23 (3.2) | 6 (10.3) |
 No malignancy | 626 (87.4) | 49 (84.5) |
Charlson comorbidity index–mean (SD) | 0.72 (1.01) | 0.64 (1.02) |
 Hypertension | 22 (37.9) | 211 (29.5) |
 Diabetes mellitus | 9 (15.5) | 111 (15.5) |
 Hyperlipidemia | 21 (36.2) | 122 (17.0) |
 Autoimmune disease | 3 (5.2) | 42 (5.9) |
 Viral hepatitis infection | 3 (5.2) | 69 (9.6) |
Lesion | ||
 Oral leukoplakia | 389 (54.3) | 41 (70.7) |
 Oral lichen planus/lichenoid lesion | 327 (45.7) | 17 (29.3) |
Clinical subtype of lichenoid lesion | ||
 Reticular/Papular | 100 (14.0) | 4 (6.9) |
 Erosive/Atrophic | 142 (19.8) | 6 (10.3) |
 Plaque | 85 (11.9) | 7 (12.1) |
 Tongue/FOM | 245 (34.2) | 25 (43.1) |
 Buccal/Labial mucosa | 407 (56.8) | 27 (46.6) |
 Retromolar area | 26 (3.6) | 3 (5.2) |
 Gingiva | 88 (12.3) | 2 (3.4) |
 Palate | 23 (3.2) | 3 (5.2) |
Number of lesions | ||
 Single | 469 (65.5) | 44 (75.9) |
 Bilateral or double | 210 (29.3) | 10 (17.2) |
 Multiple | 37 (5.2) | 4 (6.9) |
 Presence of ulcers or erosions | 228 (31.8) | 19 (32.8) |
 Induration | 47 (6.6) | 5 (8.6) |
Treatment | ||
 Surgical intervention | 221 (30.9) | 20 (34.5) |
 Pharmacological treatment | 195 (27.2) | 7 (12.1) |
 No treatment | 300 (41.9) | 31 (53.4) |
 Post-excision recurrence | 42 (19.0) | 2 (3.4) |
Number of recurrences | ||
 1 | 30 (13.5) | 2 (3.4) |
 2 | 7 (3.2) | 0 |
 3 | 4 (1.8) | 0 |
 4 | 1 (0.5) | 0 |
Oral epithelial dysplasia at diagnosis | ||
 Absent | 641 (89.5) | 48 (82.8) |
 Mild | 34 (4.7) | 6 (10.3) |
 Moderate | 27 (3.8) | 0 |
 Severe | 7 (1.0) | 0 |
 Unknown (defaulted biopsy at diagnosis) | 7 (1.0) | 4 (6.9) |
Oral epithelial dysplasia at follow-up | ||
 Absent | 658 (91.9) | 48 (82.8) |
 Mild | 11 (1.5) | 0 |
 Moderate | 15 (2.1) | 1 (1.7) |
 Severe | 24 (3.4) | 7 (12.1) |
 Unknown (defaulted biopsy during follow-up) | 8 (1.1) | 2 (3.4) |
Malignant transformation | 76 (10.6) | 6 (10.3) |
AJCC TNM stage | ||
 Stage I | 47 (6.6) | 3 (5.2) |
 Stage II | 9 (1.3) | 2 (3.4) |
 Stage III | 6 (0.8) | 0 |
 Stage IV | 12 (1.7) | 0 |
Tumor grade | ||
 Well differentiated | 23 (3.2) | NA |
 Moderate differentiated | 30 (4.2) | |
Poorly differentiated | 3 (0.4) | |
Tumor prognosis | ||
 Remission | 58 (8.1) | 4 (6.9) |
 Recurrence | 6 (0.8) | 2 (3.4) |
 Cancer-related death | 6 (0.8) | 0 |
 Second primary tumor | 6 (0.8) | 0 |