Fig. 12
From: A graphical method of cumulative differences between two subpopulations
San Francisco County vs. Contra Costa County; \(n =\) 3407; Kuiper’s statistic is \(0.06395 / \sigma = 3.488\), Kolmogorov’s and Smirnov’s is \(0.06395 / \sigma = 3.488\); only the cumulative graph (a) fully captures the relatively small deviation for the very lowest scores, and having even just 100 bins in a reliability diagram (f and g) already produces far too much noise for most scores. The metrics of Kuiper and of Kolmogorov and Smirnov report statistically significant deviation between the subpopulations