Fig. 10

Alameda County vs. Placer County; \(n =\) 2536; Kuiper’s statistic is \(0.05192 / \sigma = 2.450\), Kolmogorov’s and Smirnov’s is \(0.05192 / \sigma = 2.450\); the behavior for small scores is interesting, as the cumulative graph (a) shows a big spike at the very lowest scores and then a very flat part, and only the reliability diagrams with 100 bins (f and g) reflect those. Yet the latter reliability diagrams are very, very noisy for the other scores. The metrics of Kuiper and of Kolmogorov and Smirnov report mildly statistically significant deviation between the subpopulations