Table 7 Proposed model compared with other state-of-the-art models
Model | Preprocessing | Features | Classification algorithm | Validation accuracy | Test accuracy | Micro F1 | Macro F1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Proposed Model | Normalization + a manual emoji lexicon + ARLSTEM | AraVec [18] | Bidirectional LSTM | 0.575 | 0. 498 | 0.615 | 0.440 |
EMA | Normalization, a manual emoji lexicon + ARLSTEM | AraVec | SVC | 0.488 | 0.489 | 0.618 | 0.461 |
TW-Star | Emo + Stem + stop | TF-IDF | SVM | NA | 0.465 | 0.597 | 0.446 |
UNCC | Tokenization white spaces removal | AraVec + Affective Tweets features | a fully connected neural network | NA | 0.446 | 0.572 | 0.447 |
SVM-Unigrams | NA | Unigrams | SVM | NA | 0.38 | 0.516 | 0.384 |
Amrita | NA | Doc2Vec | RF | NA | 0.254 | 0.379 | 0.25 |