Fig. 15

Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), with scores being the negative log-likelihoods; \(n =\) 1300; Kuiper’s statistic is \(0.02520 / \sigma = 4.043\), Kolmogorov’s and Smirnov’s is \(0.02520 / \sigma = 4.043\). Only the reliability diagram with 50 bins detects the high deviation for negative log-likelihoods greater than 1.25; the diagrams with only 10 or 30 bins give no indication of the substantial deviation. 30 bins or less are clearly insufficient to resolve the significant deviation, but that is clear only upon comparison with the cumulative plot or with diagrams having many bins. The scalar summary statistics indicate statistically significant deviation of the subpopulation from the full population, in accord with the plot of cumulative differences