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Table 1 Heterogenous data sources

From: Big data actionable intelligence architecture

Data Sources

Source Type

Frequency

Description

Twitter [11]

Live text

Live. Query every 5 min

Decahose – Geo-tagged tweets within Chicago city limits

Travel Mid-west [12]

Various

Traffic camera images every 15 min

Vehicle Detection System (VDS) every 10 min

Dynamic Message Sign (DMS) every 10 min

Thousands of camera locations

Traffic Cameras

VDS—Vehicle Speeds, Vehicle Occupancy

DMS – Traffic times, Lane Closures, Accidents

City of Chicago [13]

Various

Traffic Segments every 10–15 min

Traffic Region every 10–20 min

Construction Moratorium—Infrequent

Traffic Segments – Vehicle Speeds, Vehicle Occupancy

Traffic Region—Vehicle Speeds, Vehicle Occupancy

Construction Moratorium – Road closures

GDELT [14]

Various

Every 15 min

Global Knowledge Graph – provides context and feeling between people, organizations, and locations

Event Mentions, Events

MapQuest [15]

Various

Every 5 min

Reported Incidents

Digital Globe [16]

Satellite Imagery

1–3 images a day

Satellite Imagery (limited number of images)

Dash Camera

3-h Video

Field experiment

Dash Camera Video (Live Experiment and Validation)