From: Bayesian hierarchical analyses for entrepreneurial intention of students
 | (a) Using classical approach | (b) Using Bayesian approach | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coef. (Std. Err.) | P > z | [95% Conf. Interval] | Length | Mean (Std. Dev.) | MCSE | Median | [95% Cred. interval] | Length | |
Fixed effect | |||||||||
 Student-level chxs | |||||||||
  Intercept | 0.2498 (0.0690) | 0.000 | [0.1146, 0.3850] | 0.2704 | 0.2451 (0.0592) | 0.0041 | 0.2459 | [0.1291, 0.3611] | 0.2320 |
  SP | 0.0322 (0.0876) | 0.713 | [− 0.1394, 0.2039] | 0.3432 | 0.0375 (0.0636) | 0.0058 | 0.0404 | [− 0.0837, 0.1594] | 0.2432 |
  GS | 0.5951 (0.0948) | 0.000 | [0.4093, 0.7810] | 0.3716 | 0.622 (0.0727) | 0.0093 | 0.619 | [0.48602, 0.7692] | 0.2832 |
  SCSE | 0.4139 (0.0933) | 0.000 | [0.2311, 0.5967] | 0.3656 | 0.401 (0.0707) | 0.0067 | 0.4004 | [0.26941, 0.5445] | 0.2751 |
  AIR | 0.8472 (0.0989) | 0.000 | [0.6532, 1.0410] | 0.3877 | 0.8487 (0.0687) | 0.0073 | 0.8469 | [0.7211, 0.9782] | 0.2571 |
  CPS | 0.3464 (0.0950) | 0.000 | [0.1602, 0.5327] | 0.3724 | 0.3873 (0.0773) | 0.01 | 0.3868 | [0.2292, 0.5327] | 0.3035 |
  IOS | 1.3411 (0.1203) | 0.000 | [1.1052, 1.5769] | 0.4717 | 1.3399 (0.055) | 0.0112 | 1.339 | [1.2348, 1.4469] | 0.2122 |
  RTC (1) | 0.2016 (0.2381) | 0.397 | [− 0.265, 0.6682] | 0.9332 | 0.2229 (0.1265) | 0.0112 | 0.2283 | [− 0.0212, 0.4651] | 0.4863 |
  CFBI (1) | 0.3502 (0.2005) | 0.081 | [− 0.0428, 0.7433] | 0.7861 | 0.3406 (0.1114) | 0.0158 | 0.3385 | [0.1397, 0.5605] | 0.4208 |
  IG (1) | 0.4594 (0.2376) | 0.053 | [− 0.0063, 0.9250] | 0.9313 | 0.4588 (0.124) | 0.0093 | 0.4617 | [0.2077, 0.7059] | 0.4981 |
  MFSB (1) | 1.1915 (0.4159) | 0.004 | [0.3762, 2.0068] | 1.6305 | 1.1868 (0.1075) | 0.0107 | 1.186 | [0.9823, 1.4027] | 0.4204 |
  (2) | − 0.2700 (0.9143) | 0.768 | [− 2.0616, 1.5224] | 3.5841 | − 0.262 (0.1398) | 0.0263 | − 0.262 | [− 0.5344, 0.0267] | 0.5611 |
  (3) | 0.0563 (0.2955) | 0.849 | [− 0.5229, 0.6356] | 1.1585 | 0.0585 (0.1272) | 0.0122 | 0.0502 | [− 0.1599, 0.3254] | 0.4854 |
  AF (1) | 0.7919 (0.3114) | 0.011 | [0.1815, 1.4022] | 1.2207 | 0.8029 (0.0789) | 0.015 | 0.8024 | [0.6377, 0.9566] | 0.3189 |
  BOC (1) | 0.0326 (0.2008) | 0.871 | [− 0.361, 0.4262] | 0.7872 | 0.0773 (0.1175) | 0.011 | 0.0707 | [− 0.1306, 0.3188] | 0.4493 |
  PBE (1) | 0.3880 (0.1416) | 0.006 | [0.1040, 0.6600] | 0.5560 | 0.389 (0.1395) | 0.0021 | 0.000 | [0.1126, 0.6593] | 0.5467 |
  BOF (1) | 0.6088 (0.3263) | 0.000 | [0.5448, 0.6727] | 0.1279 | 0.6087 (0.0326) | 0.0004 | 0.6087 | [0.5450, 0.6729] | 0.1279 |
  NERK (1) | − 0.3500 (0.2685) | 0.192 | [− 0.8765, 0.1760] | 1.0526 | − 0.354 (0.084) | 0.0132 | − 0.357 | [− 0.5166, − 0.184] | 0.3326 |
  (2) | 0.1893 (0.2990) | 0.527 | [− 0.3968, 0.7753] | 1.1721 | 0.1477 (0.1149) | 0.0189 | 0.1481 | [− 0.0858, 0.3738] | 0.4596 |
  (3) | − 0.291 (0.2735) | 0.288 | [− 0.8268, 0.2451] | 1.0720 | − 0.306 (0.0952) | 0.0174 | − 0.306 | [− 0.4999, − 0.112] | 0.3879 |
  N_E (1) | 0.4943 (0.0970) | 0.000 | [0.3023, 0.6827] | 0.3804 | 0.4957 (0.0967) | 0.0009 | 0.4963 | [0.3043, 0.6835] | 0.3790 |
  PO (1) | − 0.267 (0.3318) | 0.421 | [− 0.9171, 0.3835] | 1.3007 | − 0.25 (0.0772) | 0.0062 | − 0.253 | [− 0.3966, − 0.1018] | 0.2947 |
  (2) | − 0.050 (0.3688) | 0.893 | [− 0.7726, 0.6731] | 1.4456 | − 0.014 (0.1141) | 0.0122 | − 0.011 | [− 0.2504, 0.1847] | 0.4352 |
  (3) | − 0.035 (0.3668) | 0.923 | [− 0.7543, 0.6834] | 1.4377 | 0.0189 (0.0983) | 0.0137 | 0.0199 | [− 0.1640, 0.2092] | 0.3732 |
 University-level chxs | |||||||||
  EE (1) | 1.0426 (0.2928) | 0.000 | [0.4687, 1.6165] | 1.1478 | 1.0209 (0.2822) | 0.0143 | 1.0094 | [0.4943, 1.5903] | 1.0960 |
  BC (1) | − 0.0042 (0.0683) | 0.951 | [− 0.1380, 0.1296] | 0.2676 | − 0.0034 (0.0671) | 0.0034 | − 0.0077 | [− 0.1349, 0.1281] | 0.2630 |
  ETIG (1) | 0.0185 (0.0689) | 0.788 | [− 0.1165, 0.1536] | 0.2701 | 0.0183 (0.0611) | 0.0028 | 0.0173 | [− 0.1380, 0.1015] | 0.2395 |
Random effect | |||||||||
 Var (intercept) | 0.2774 (0.0796) |  | [0.1214, 0.4334] | 0.3120 | 0.2703 (0.0712) | 0.0015 | 0.2700 | [0.1307, 0.4099] | 0.2792 |
 Var (EE) | 0.1273 (0.0439) |  | [0.0413, 0.2133] | 0.1720 | 0.1268 (0.0407) | 0.0396 | 0.1264 | [0.0470, 0.2066] | 0.1596 |