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Table 2 Raw annotation results per observer

From: Understanding big data themes from scientific biomedical literature through topic modeling

Topic

Theme assignment grouped by observer

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

1

Imp, value

 

Value

App, imp, value

Vera, value

imp, app, vera

Imp, value

2

Vera, app

 

Imp, app

Info, app

Vera, velo

App

Tech, variety, vera

3

    

Imp, app

App

App

4

Met

Met

Vol, met

Met

Tech, met

Tech, velo

Met

5

Vol, velo, beyond

Tech

Vol, tech, beyond

Beyond, vol, velo

Tech, complex, beyond

Vol

Vol

6

Tech

Tech

Tech, velo

Tech, beyond

Tech, beyond

Tech

Tech, variety, vera

7

Met

Met

Vera, met

Met

Tech, met, info, app

Met

Met

8

App

App

Info, app

App, info

App

App

Variety, app

9

App

  

Imp

Imp

Imp

Value, imp, app

10

App

Met, tech

Variety, info, met

App, met

App

App, variety, info

Vol, beyond

11

App

App

App

App, Imp

App

App

Imp, value

12

Tech, vol, velo

Vol

Vol, velo

Vol, velo, beyond

Tech, vol, velo

Vol, velo

Met, vol

13

Variability, vera

Met

Met

Met

App, info

Met

Met

14

Info

Info

Tech, app

App, info

Imp

Info

Value, imp, app

15

Imp

App

Imp

App

Info, app

App, imp

Value, vera

16

App

Met

App

Info, app

Info, app

App

Beyond, vol

17

Value

Info

Tech, beyond

Info

Continuity, variability

Tech

Value, tech

18

App

Met

Info

App, info

Met, app, tech, info

App

Vol, vera

19

Value

App

Met, app

Info

Continuity, app

Variety

Tech, imp

20

Met

Met

Met

Met

Met, info

Met

Met

21

App

App

App

App, imp

Info, app

App

Variety, app, vera

22

Info, velo

Info

Info, app

Info, vera

Velo, continuity, app

App, info

Info

23

Info, app

App

Info, app

Info

Info

App, info

Beyond, vol, vera, info

24

Value

App

Info, app

Info, app

Continuity, info, imp

App

Vol, variety

25

Met

Met

Info

 

Info, met, tech

Vol, velo

Velo

Total

33

22

39

40

53

35

49

  1. The following coding is used to represent the themes described in Table 1: vol volume, velo  velocity, vera veracity, info information, met methods, tech technology, imp impact, app application, beyond beyond conventional