Table 3 Cox-proportional hazards model for long-term mortality after diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease

Clusters (per a cluster)

3.440

3.233–3.659

< 0.001

LTCI grade (per a grade)^a

0.995

0.992–0.997

< 0.001

Age

1.038

1.031–1.045

< 0.001

Female

0.753

0.681–0.833

< 0.001

Residence areas

 Metropolitan Seoul

1.000

 Metropolitan

1.120

0.959–1.307

0.152

 City

1.005

0.881–1.146

0.944

 County

1.060

0.903–1.244

0.475

Health insurance types^b

 Self-employed

1.000

 Employed

1.012

0.904–1.132

0.838

NHIP levels

 Medical-aid

1.000

 1st quartile

0.896

0.699–1.148

0.386

 2nd quartile

0.953

0.743–1.222

0.706

 3rd quartile

0.898

0.710–1.136

0.371

 4th quartile

0.926

0.758–1.131

0.451

Comorbidities

 Hypertension

0.969

0.859–1.094

0.610

 Diabetes

1.146

1.037–1.267

0.007

 Dyslipidemia

0.901

0.868–1.062

0.430

 Ischemic heart diseases

1.113

0.947–1.308

0.193

 Atrial fibrillation

1.046

0.850–1.287

0.670

 Chronic kidney disease

1.382

1.080–1.768

0.010

 Stroke

0.979

0.888–1.079

0.666

 Cancer

1.152

0.970–1.367

0.106