Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to the manually classified outcome groups
Variables | S-NDR group (n = 478) | S-DR group (n = 722) | D-DR group (n = 1313) | D-NDR group (n = 431) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 68.3 ± 8.1 | 71.1 ± 7.6 | 75.5 ± 6.9 | 74.8 ± 6.7 | <0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 146 (30.5) | 195 (27.0) | 556 (42.3) | 230 (53.4) | <0.001 |
Residence areas, n (%) | 0.140 | ||||
Metropolitan Seoul | 97 (20.3) | 167 (23.1) | 253 (19.3) | 76 (17.6) | |
Metropolitan | 78 (16.3) | 121 (16.8) | 242 (18.4) | 91 (21.1) | |
City | 207 (43.3) | 319 (44.2) | 602 (45.8) | 185 (42.9) | |
County | 96 (20.1) | 115 (15.9) | 216 (16.5) | 79 (18.3) | |
Health insurance types, n (%) | 0.003 | ||||
Self-employed | 148 (31.0) | 207 (28.7) | 367 (28.0) | 112 (26.0) | |
Employed | 283 (59.2) | 432 (59.8) | 781 (59.5) | 238 (55.2) | |
Medical-aid | 47 (9.8) | 83 (11.5) | 165 (12.6) | 81 (18.8) | |
NHIP levels, n (%) | |||||
Medical-aid | 47 (9.8) | 83 (11.5) | 165 (12.6) | 81 (18.8) | 0.002 |
1st quartile | 61 (12.8) | 86 (11.9) | 140 (10.7) | 42 (9.7) | |
2nd quartile | 64 (13.4) | 92 (12.7) | 155 (11.8) | 45 (10.4) | |
3rd quartile | 105 (22.0) | 141 (19.5) | 221 (16.8) | 79 (18.3) | |
4th quartile | 201 (42.1) | 320 (44.3) | 632 (48.1) | 184 (42.7) | |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
Hypertension | 346 (72.4) | 558 (77.3) | 1018 (77.5) | 344 (79.8) | 0.048 |
Diabetes | 189 (39.5) | 310 (42.9) | 618 (47.1) | 221 (51.3) | 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 253 (52.9) | 376 (52.1) | 631 (48.1) | 197 (45.7) | 0.052 |
Ischemic heart diseases | 36 (7.5) | 62 (8.6) | 112 (8.5) | 58 (13.5) | 0.007 |
Atrial fibrillation | 19 (4.0) | 30 (4.2) | 70 (5.3) | 28 (6.5) | 0.214 |
Chronic kidney disease | 9 (1.9) | 7 (1.0) | 44 (3.4) | 27 (6.3) | <0.001 |
Stroke | 211 (44.1) | 387 (53.6) | 733 (55.8) | 223 (51.7) | <0.001 |
Cancer | 35 (7.3) | 44 (6.1) | 107 (8.1) | 43 (10.0) | 0.105 |
LTCI grade, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
1 | 0 (0.0) | 24 (3.8) | 152 (12.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
2 | 0 (0.0) | 70 (11.0) | 244 (19.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
3 | 0 (0.0) | 334 (52.4) | 797 (63.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
4 | 0 (0.0) | 162 (25.4) | 53 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
5 | 0 (0.0) | 44 (6.9) | 11 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
Out of grade | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.6) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
National Disability Registration grade, n (%) | <0.001 | ||||
1 | 0 (0.0) | 23 (3.2) | 79 (6.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
2 | 0 (0.0) | 37 (5.1) | 108 (8.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
3 | 0 (0.0) | 69 (9.6) | 103 (7.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
4 | 0 (0.0) | 59 (8.2) | 48 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
5 | 0 (0.0) | 54 (7.5) | 32 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
6 | 0 (0.0) | 25 (3.5) | 7 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
Out of grade | 478 (100.0) | 455 (63.0) | 963 (71.3) | 431 (100.0) | |
Months to deatha | 113.7 ± 3.2 | 113.7 ± 3.3 | 61.4 ± 30.1 | 43.2 ± 32.0 | <0.001 |
Months to LTCI registrationa | 113.7 ± 3.2 | 63.7 ± 39.6 | 25.3 ± 27.2 | 43.2 ± 32.0 | <0.001 |
Months to National Disability Registrationa | 113.7 ± 3.2 | 87.5 ± 40.4 | 49.3 ± 33.1 | 43.2 ± 32.0 | <0.001 |