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Table 4 Ten-fold cross-validation: overall accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score in predicting misinformation, extreme opinion, political affiliation, and topics

From: Geographical visualization of tweets, misinformation, and extremism during the USA 2020 presidential election using LSTM, NLP, and GIS

Prediction

Overall accuracy

Precision

Recall

F1 Score

Misinformation

0.939

0.380

0.240

0.294

Extreme opinion

0.957

0.246

0.138

0.177

Political affiliation

0.570

   

Topic 1 (coronavirus pandemic)

0.872

0.719

0.768

0.743

Topic 2 (politicians)

0.879

0.300

0.229

0.260